Identity and access management (IAM) threats refer to security risks that arise from the use of user identities and access control systems in an organization. The following are some of the main IAM threats:

1. Password attacks: This includes attacks such as brute-force attacks, dictionary attacks, and password reuse.
2. Insiders: Threats from insiders, such as employees, contractors, or third-party vendors, who have access to sensitive data or systems and may misuse it.
3. Social engineering: Social engineering attacks, such as phishing and baiting, can trick users into revealing their passwords or other sensitive information.
4. Stolen or lost devices: Lost or stolen devices, such as laptops or mobile devices, can result in unauthorized access to sensitive information.
5. Account hijacking: Account hijacking is the unauthorized takeover of a user’s account by an attacker, often through the use of stolen credentials.
6. Privilege escalation: Attackers can exploit vulnerabilities in the IAM system to gain elevated privileges, such as administrative access to sensitive systems or data.
7. Session hijacking: Attackers can use techniques like session fixation, session prediction, and network sniffing to take over an active user session and access sensitive data.
8. Malicious insiders: Malicious insiders can exploit their privileged access to sensitive data and systems to carry out cyberattacks or steal sensitive information.

To mitigate these IAM threats, organizations need to implement strong authentication and access controls, regularly monitor and audit access to sensitive systems and data, and provide training and awareness programs for employees to reduce the risk of social engineering attacks.